Signup Now! Order dedicated-server-hosting in U. S, Europe, Asia location. Don't wait for Christmas, Black Friday, cyber monday! Get best value deals on web hosting products. Buy-hosting plan for one year or more and get fr-ee domain. Subscribe our email newsletter to get web hosting promo codes, coupon-codes, offers, vouchers by email or by SMS text message. Get discounted hosting-for students and NGO.
Get host-ing login here if you are hosting-with cpanel or plesk. Our other services include: website builder, OLS Online store , managed SSL services, newsletter marketing, email marketing, email hosting, domain-email, workspace-email, microsoft email, online storage, cloud storage, game servers, reseller-hosting, cPanel reseller hosting, domain name reseller, cPanel backup, website security, malware removal, wordpress-website designing, wordpress management, wordpress-theme development, e-Commerce and online store hosting, online-shopping cart, online appointments, online calendar, logo-design, web-design, internet-marketing, social-media marketing suite, SEO, link building, and search engine marketing services.
We offer "free website" migration services. Our Hosting Guides help you to transfer your websites to our cPanel, linux, Plesk, windows related servers from any other web-hosting provider or web-hosting-company. We've special website-hosting discount when you migrate sites from web-host like bluehost, hostgator, a2 hosting, hostmantis, buyVM, bigrock, godaddy-hosting, OVH hosting, hetzner, online.
Just purchase web hosting service and ask for free migration. We also offer paid migration services for multiple sites. You can buy domain-names, domain url or order hosting at our hosting-website with many payment methods including credit card, debit card, ATM card, VISA, mastercard, american express, rupay, paytm, paypal, internet-banking, checking account, netbanking, google pay, amazon pay, jio pay, stripe, alipay, iDeal, etc. We do accept crypto currencies like bitcoin for bulletproof, anonymous domain registrations.
Contact support via e-mail. Transfer-domain to Online from any domain registrar or domain reseller. Select your current domain-registration provider from the list below to start domain name transfer to us. Our domain transfer process is fast and easy! You can start transferring from registrars and host-ing providers:. People visit The-Online. Our goal is to offer them reliable, secure, afforable cloud-hosting infrastructure which helps them perform better.
We are active for 22 years in business and are a verified, licensed, web hosting company that you can rely on! We are popular among wordpress bloggers, tech bloggers, startups, mom bloggers, high traffic websites, large forums such as lowendtalk, web hosting talk, warrior forum, wjunction, forumweb. We provide better hosting, personal support than other local business and cloud-hosting providers. Compare our low prices and advanced features with competitors.
Find out why we are the best alternative for your web hosting needs! Take a free-trial today! We offer data-center server hosting solutions for hotels, colleges, universities, enterprises, attorneys, lawyers, professionals, IT companies, etc. How to check the best domain registration renewal prices for your domain registered at Online?
When your domain comes for renewal, we send automated domain renewal email. We may include the best domain renewal pricing in the email. For further discount or for getting domain renewal promo code, you can contact us before actual domain renewal date. How to upgrade web hosting, and other hosting plans? You can upgrade your web hosting plan, cPanel, plesk windows, business hosting, VPS, dedicated servers anytime from within your hosting manager or My Account.
To order hosting add-ons contact our support. We also provide cPanel licenses, WHM, Windows server licenses on our various eligible cheap-hosting plans. Who will be my domain registrar on record?
Online Domain Name Hosting Services: Are you looking for reliable, secure and affordable domain name registration site and web hosting company nearby? Domain Name: Need "domain name" for your website? Domain Prices: Our domain registration, transfer, renewal price varies according to the domain registry pricing and promos.
Domain Promo: Where to get cheap domain names? Shared Web Hosting Services: Online Hosting offers linux "shared hosting" which is simple, reliable, and fast.
Business Web Hosting When you need secure hosting to host business sites big or small, there's only Online Business-Hosting. Free Website Migration We offer "free website" migration services. Accepted Payment Methods for Domain-Hosting You can buy domain-names, domain url or order hosting at our hosting-website with many payment methods including credit card, debit card, ATM card, VISA, mastercard, american express, rupay, paytm, paypal, internet-banking, checking account, netbanking, google pay, amazon pay, jio pay, stripe, alipay, iDeal, etc.
Transfer domain Transfer-domain to Online from any domain registrar or domain reseller. Most Viewed. Longest Videos. Top Rated. The best free sex and porn tube PornHD picks up where other porn tubes fold - high definition porn. Watch and download free HD porn videos HD, high definition, glossy, high quality, super crisp… Call it as you like, but one thing is certain: PornHD offers thousands of porn videos in top HD resolution completely for free.
Account Login. Forgot your password? Create An Account. Charango The charango is a ten-stringedAndean guitar from Bolivia. It is the size of a ukulele and a smaller version of the mandolin, imitating the early guitar and lute brought by the Spaniards. It produces bright sounds and is often used in serenades in Southern Peru. Trumpets were later added, replacing the harp.
Mariachi music is extremelypassionate and romantic with their blended harmonies and characterized by catchy rhythms. Its musicians are distinctly adorned with wide-brimmed hats and silver buttons.
What are the different musical instruments of LatinAmerican music? What are the characteristics of each instrument? In the Philippines, many of these characteristics have been taken in, particularly in the Brazilian bossa nova, cha cha, rumba, and the Argentine tango.
Cumbia Originating in Panama and Colombia, the cumbia became a popular African courtship dance with European and African instrumentation and characteristics.
It contained varying rhythmic meters among the major locations — meter in Colombia; , , and meters in Panama, and meter in Mexico. Instruments used are the drums of African origin, such as the tabora bass drum , claves, 2 4 2 4 4 4 6 8 2 2 All rights reserved. It is a foremost Argentinian and Uruguayan urban popular song and dance that is related to the Cuban contradanza, habanera, and Cuban tango, and remains a 20th century nationalistic Argentinian piece of music that is most expressive.
Its main development was in the slum areas of Buenos Aires, and eventually became fashionable in Parisian society in the early part of the 20th century, as well as in England and other parts of Western Europe. Cha Cha The cha cha is a ballroom dance the originated in Cuba in , derived from the mambo and its characteristic rhythm of 2 crochets — 3 quavers — quaver rest, with a syncopation on the fourth beat.
Rumba The rumba popular recreational dance of Afro-Cuban origin, performed in a complex duple meter pattern and tresillo, which is a dotted quaver — dotted quaver — dotted semiquaver rhythm. It is normallyused as a ballroom dance where a solo dancer or couple would be in an embrace though slightly apart, with the rocking of the hips to a fast-fast-slow sequence and often containing cross rhythms. There is a repetitive melody with an ostinato pattern played by the maracas, claves, and other Cuban percussion instruments.
It contains jazz elements that became a model for the cha cha, mambo, and other Latin American dances. Bossa nova Bossa nova originated in as a movement effecting a radical change in the classic Cuban samba. The nylon-stringed classical guitar is the most important instrument of this style. Bossa nova contains themes centering on love, women, longing, nature, and youthfulness. It was music for easy and relaxed listening, conducive to romantic dates and quiet moments at the lounges.
It contained English text coupled with Creole expressions that were not so familiar to the non-Jamaican. It was a synthesis of WesternAmerican Afro-American popular music and the traditional Afro-Jamaican music, containing a western-style melodic-harmonic base with African sounds and characteristics,American pop and rock music mannerisms, and a preference for a loud volume in the bass. The best-known proponent of reggae music is Bob Marley, a Jamaican singer-songwriter, musician, and guitarist.
Foxtrot The foxtrot is a 20th century social dance that originated after in the USA. It was executed as a one step, two step and syncopated rhythmic pattern. The tempo varied from 30 to 40 bars per minute and had a simple duple meter with regular 4-bar phrases. The foxtrot gave rise to other dances such as the black bottom, Charleston, and shimmy. The dance is arrogant and dignified with a duple meter, march-like character, where the dancer takes strong steps forward with the heels accompanied by artistic hand movements, foot stomping, sharp and quick movements, with the head and chest held high.
What are the different vocal and dance forms of Latin American music? What are the characteristics of each vocal and dance form of Latin American music? Which type of music was popularized byAntonio Carlos Jobim? It was an offshoot of the music ofAfrican slaves who migrated toAmerica. As music is considered a therapeutic outlet for human feelings, the Africans used music to recall their nostalgic past in their home country as well as to voice out their sentiments on their desperate condition at that time.
Since then, these melancholy beginnings have evolved into various more upbeat jazz forms which the world has adopted and incorporated into other contemporary styles. Louis and New Orleans. Its music is written unlike jazz which is mainly improvised, and contains regular meters and clear phrases, with an alternation of low bass or bass octaves and chords. Relying heavily on percussion drums , wind, rhythm section guitar, piano, double bass, vibes , and Scott Joplin Jelly Roll Morton All rights reserved.
Astandard big band piece instrumentation consists of the following musical instruments percussion, brass, and woodwind instrruments: five saxophones most often two altos, two tenors, and one baritone , four trumpets, four trombones often including one bass trombone , and a four-piece rhythm section composed of drums, acoustic bass or electric bass, piano and guitar. Some big bands use additional instruments.
Big band music originated in the United States and is associated with jazz and the swing. BEBOP Bebop or bop is a musical style of modern jazz which is characterized by a fast tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation that emerged during World War II. The speed of the harmony, melody, and rhythm resulted in a heavy performance where the instrumental sound became more tense and free. What are the different jazz forms? What are the characteristics of each jazz form?
Name one of the Big Bands that became popular. Which type of music was adopted by singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell? Name three of the popular groups that used the jazz rock style. Joni Mitchell All rights reserved. As it developed in the 20th century, pop music as it has come to be called generallyconsisted of music for entertainment of large numbers of people, whether on radio or in live performances.
From the standard songs and ballads of the legendary Cole Porter, George Gershwin, and Frank Sinatra to the rock and roll craze of Elvis Presley and the Beatles and the present day idols in the alternative music and disco modes, popular music is now shared by the entire world.
Used by poets and composers since the 18th century, it became a slow popular love song in the 19th century. Today, the term ballad now refers to a love song in a slightly pop or rock style, with the following characteristics: 1. Blues Ballads This is afusion ofAnglo-American andAfro-American styles from the19th century that deals with the anti-heroes resisting authority. The form emphasizes the character of the performer more than the narrative content, and is accompanied by the banjo or guitar.
The B section acts as the bridge, and the piece normally ends with a brief coda. Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a relaxed mood. It also features highly singable melodies within the range and technical capacity of the everyday listener. He was a successful singer, actor, producer, director, and conductor.
His hit singles include My Way and Strangers in the Night. Another well-loved standards singer was American balladeer Nat King Cole.
Although an accomplished pianist, he owes most ofhis popular musical fame to his soothing baritone voice, which he used to perform in big band, vocal jazz, swing. He was the first black American to host his own television show and maintained worldwide popularity over 40 years past his death. Matt Monroe was an English singer who became one of the most popular entertainers in the international music scene during the s.
Throughout his year career, he filled cabarets, nightclubs, music halls, and stadia inAustralia, Japan, the Philippines, and Hong Kong toAfrica, the Middle East, Europe, and theAmericas. It combinedAfro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz, and gospel music with the Western swing and country music. The lead instruments were the piano and saxophone, but these were eventually replaced by modern instruments. In its classic form, rock and roll employed one or two electric guitars lead, rhythm , a string bass or bass guitar, and a set of drums that provided the rhythmic pattern.
This form cameduring the age oftechnological change when electricguitars were supplemented by amplifiers and microphones to raise the volume.
His hit songs such as Heartbreak Hotel and Blue Suede Shoes were complemented byhis good looks and elaborate movements that included hugging the microphone as he sang.
He was born and raised in Liverpool, England. When The Beatles disbanded in , Lennon embarked on a solo career. Sir James Paul McCartney is an English singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, co-writer, and composer. Beatles was one of the most influential groups in the history of pop music. The songwriting partnership with Lennon for the Beatles is one of the most celebrated of the 20th century.
McCartney was a two-time inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Beatles in , and as a solo artist in He is a time GrammyAward winner All rights reserved. He has written or co-written 32 songs that have reached number one on the Billboard Hot He was knighted in England for his services to music. The disco style had a soaring and reverberating sound rhythmically controlled by a steady beat usually meter for ease of dancing, and accompanied by strings, horns, electric guitars, and electric pianos or synthesizers.
He was an American recording artist, entertainer, singer-songwriter, record producer, musical arranger, dancer, choreographer, actor, businessman, and philanthropist. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he made his debut as an entertainer in as a member of The Jackson 5.
He then began a solo career in while still a member of the group and was referred to as the "King of Pop" in subsequent years. Jackson's album Thriller remains the world's best-selling album of all time, and four of his other solo studio albums are among the world's best-selling records: Off the Wall , Bad , Dangerous , and HIStory In the early s, he became a dominant figure inAmerican popular music and culture.
The popularity of his music videos airing on MTV, such as Beat It, Billie Jean, and Thriller—widely credited with transforming the music video from a promotional tool into an art form—helped bring the relatively new channel to fame. Diana Ross and the Supremes All rights reserved.
Thus, it was known for its unconventional practices such as distorted guitar sounds, oppressive lyrics, and defiant attitudes. It was also characterized by high energy levels that bred new styles such as new wave, punk rock, post-punk, indie rock, gothic rock, jangle pop, noise pop, C86, Madchester, Industrial Rock, and Shoegazing.
Brieflydescribe the historical and cultural background ofAfrican, LatinAmerican, jazz, and popular music. Analyze the musical characteristics ofAfrican, LatinAmerican, jazz, and popular music. How did the following music reflect life in their respective cultures and the conditions at that time?
African music — maracatu, blues, soul, spiritual, call and response b. Latin American Music — cumbia, tango, cha cha, rumba, bossa nova, reggae, foxtrot, paso doble c. Jazz — ragtime, big band, bebop, jazz rock d. Popular music — ballads, standards, rock and roll, disco, pop, hip hop and rap, alternative music along with an instrumental or synthesized beat. But by the s, it had spread to many other countries. It has since evolved into a subculture that encompasses music rapping, DJing, scratching, and beatboxing ;a nearlyacrobatic styleofdancing, called break dancing; a distinct manner of dress; and graffiti-style artwork.
Eminem Kanye West All rights reserved. It was originally used to refer only to Philippine pop songs, particularly ballads, such as those popular after the collapse of its predecessor, the Manila Sound, in the late s up until the present. However, other ethno-linguistic groups such as the Visayan, Bikol, Kapampangan, and Ilocano also began to sing and record their songs in their native dialects. Ryan Cayabyab George Canseco All rights reserved. Underground bands emerged and along with them were their perceptions of idealism and self-expression.
Rico J. Among them are jazz pianist and recording artist Boy Katindig, who comes from the well-known clan of musicians that includes jazz piano legend RomyKatindig and saxophonist Eddie Katindig. The Katindig family pioneered Latin jazz in Manila. These Filipino lyrics sung to pop melodies resulted in highly singable songs with contemporary appeal.
Other early exponents of Pinoy rock included the band Maria Cafra; Sampaguita, the female rocker; and folk-rock singer Heber Bartolome and his Banyuhay band, whose songs expressed strong messages of nationalism. This new form combined ethnic instrumentation with electronic accompaniment, while presenting themes or issues of society and the environment. Francis Magalona was born on October 4, and died on March 6, With the success of his earliest albums, Magalona was the first Filipino rapper to cross over to the mainstream.
Potters usually discarded containers which were of a non-standard size. What is probably the main purpose of Reading Passage 3? To evaluate the quality of pottery containers found in prehistoric Akrotiri. To suggest how features of pottery production at Akrotiri reflected other developments in the region. To outline the development of pottery-making skills in ancient Greece. To describe methods for storing and transporting household goods in prehistoric societies.
Leatherback turtles follow the general sea turtle body plan of having a large, flattened, round body with two pairs of very large flippers and a short tail. Like other sea turtles, the leatherback's flattened forelimbs are adapted for swimming in the open ocean.
Claws are absent from both pairs of flippers. The Leatherback's flippers arc the largest in proportion to its body among extant sea turtles. Leatherback's front flippers can grow up to 2. As the last surviving member of its family, the leatherback turtle has several distinguishing characteristics that differentiate it from other sea turtles.
Its most notable feature is that it lacks the bony carapace of the other extant sea turtles. During the past month, four turtles have washed up along Irish coasts from Wexford to Kerry.
These turtles arc more typical of warmer waters and only occur in Irish waters when they stray off course. It is likely that they may have originated from Florida, America. Two specimens have been taken to Coastal and Marine Resources Centre stored at the National Maritime College , University College Cork, where a necropsy post mortem for animals will be conducted to establish their age, sex and their exact origin.
During this same period, two leatherback turtles were found in Scotland, and a rare Kemp's Ridley turtle was found in Wales, thus making it an exceptional month for stranded turtles in Ireland and the UK. In the water, their path is greatly affected by powerful currents.
Despite their limited vision, and lack of landmarks in the open water, turtles are able to retrace their migratory paths. However, Loggerhead turtles are not normally found in Irish waters, because water temperatures here are far too cold for their survival.
Instead, adult loggerheads prefer the warmers waters of the Mediterranean, the Caribbean and North America's east coast. The four turtles that were found have probably originated from the North American population of loggerheads.
However it will require genetic analysis to confirm this assumption. It is thought that after leaving their nesting beach as hatchlings when they measure 4. This remarkable round trip may take many years during which these tiny turtles grow by several centimetres a year. Loggerheads may circulate around the North Atlantic several times before they settle in the coastal waters of Florida or the Caribbean. These four turtles were probably on their way around the Atlantic when they strayed a bit too far north from the Gulf Stream.
Once they did, their fate was sealed, as the cooler waters of the North East Atlantic are too cold for loggerheads unlike leatherback turtles which have many anatomical and physiological adaptations to enable them to swim in our seas. Once in cool waters, the body of a loggerhead begins to shut down as they get 'cold stunned', then get hypothermia and die.
Leatherbacks are in immanent danger of extinction. A critical factor among others is the harvesting of eggs from nests. Valued as a food delicacy, Leatherback eggs are falsely touted to have aphrodisiacal properties in some cultures. The leatherback, unlike the Green Sea turtle, is not often killed for its meat; however, the increase in human populations coupled with the growing black market trade has escalated their egg depletion.
Scientists have estimated that there are only about 35, Leatherback turtles in the world. We are often unable to understand the critical impact a species has on the environment—that is, until that species becomes extinct.
Some scientists now speculate that the Leatherback may play an important role in the recovery of diminishing fish populations. Since the Leatherback consumes its weight in jellyfish per day, it helps to keep Jellyfish populations in check. Jellyfish consume large quantities of fish larvae. The rapid decline in Leatherback populations over the last 50 years has been accompanied by a significant increase in jellyfish and a marked decrease in fish in our oceans. Saving sea turtles is an International endeavor.
Question Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below. Write appropriate numbers i-x in boxes 1 -6 on your answer sheet. NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all. List of Headings i. Sea turtles are found in unusual locations ii. Unique features of the Leatherbacks iii. Methods used for routes tracking v. Predict the migration routes vi. Remains multiplicity within the species vii. The progress of hatching viii. The fate of the lost turles ix.
How trips suppose to look like? Factors leading to population decline 1. Paragraph c 3. Paragraph D 4. Paragraph E 5. Paragraph F 6. Paragraph G Question 7 Choose words from the passage to answer the questions How many Leatherback turtles are there in the world?
What is the most noticeable difference between other sea turtles and leatherbacks? What candle therback turtles to die in Irish waters? Where did the four turtles probably come from? By which means can sea turtles retrace their migratory paths? For what purpose are Green Sea turtles killed by people? What kind of species will benefits from a decline in Leatherback populations?
Section 2 Corporate Social Responsibility Broadly speaking, proponents of CSR have used four arguments to make their case: moral obligation, sustainability, license to operate, and reputation. An excellent definition was developed in the s by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland and used by the World Business Council for Sustainable Devebpment "Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Finally, reputation is used by many companies to justify CSR initiatives on the grounds that they will improve a company's image, strengthen its brand, enliven morale, and even raise the value of its stock. To advance CSR, we must root it in a broad understanding of the interrelationship between a corporation and society while at the same time anchoring it in the strategies and activities of specific companies. Education, health care, and equal opportunity are essential to a productive workforce.
Safe products and working conditions not only attract customers but lower the internal costs of accidents.
Efficient utilization of land, water, energy, and other natural resources makes business more productive. Good government, the rub of law, and property rights are essential for efficiency and innovation. Strong regulatory standards protect both consumers and competitive companies from exploitation. Ultimately, a healthy society creates expanding demand for business, as more human needs are met and aspirations grow.
Any business that pursues its ends at the expense of the society in which it operates will find its success to be illusory and ultimately temporary. At the same time, a healthy society needs successful companies. No social program can rival the business sector when it comes to creating the jobs, wealth, and innovation that improve standards of living and social conditions over time.
Asbestos, now understood as a serious health risk, was thought to be safe in the early s, given the scientific knowledge then available. Evidence of its risks gradually mounted for more than 50 years before any company was held liable for the harms it can cause. No longer can companies be content to monitor only the obvious social impacts of today.
Without a careful process for identifying evolving social effects of tomorrow, firms may risk their very survival. Instead, each company must select issues that intersect with its particular business.
Other social agendas are best left to those companies in other industries, NGOs, or government institutions that are better positioned to address them. The essential test that should guide CSR is not whether a cause is worthy but whether it presents an opportunity to create shared value— that is, a meaningful benefit for society that is also valuable to the business.
Addressing social issues by creating shared value will lead to self-sustaining solutions that do not depend on private or government subsidies. When a well-run business applies its vast resources, expertise, and management talent to problems that it understands and in which it has a stake, it can have a greater impact on social good than any other institution or philanthropic organization.
The best corporate citizenship initiatives involve far more than writing a check: They specify clear, measurable goals and track results over time. Effective corporate citizenship initiatives such as this one create goodwill and improve relations with local governments and other important constituencies.
Their effect is inherently limited, however. Community colleges, with an enrollment of Microsoft recognizes, however, that community colleges face special challenges: IT curricula are not standardized, technology used in classrooms is often outdated, and there are no systematic professional development programs to keep faculty up to date.
In addition to contributing money and products, Microsoft sent employee volunteers to colleges to assess needs, contribute to curriculum development, and create faculty development institutes. Note that in this case, volunteers and assigned staff were able to use their core professional skills to address a social need, a far cry from typical volunteer programs.
Microsoft has achieved results that have benefited many communities while having a direct—and potentially significant—impact on the company. At the heart of any strategy is a unique value proposition: a set of needs a company can meet for its chosen customers that others cannot. The most strategic CSR occurs when a company adds a social dimension to its value proposition, making social impact integral to the overall strategy.
Consider Whole Foods Market, whose value proposition is to sell organic, natural and healthy food products to customers who are passionate about food and the environment. The company's sourcing emphasizes purchases from local farmers through each store's procurement process. Buyers screen out foods containing any of nearly common ingredients that the company considers unhealthy or environmentally damaging.
The same standards apply to products made internally. Stores are constructed using a minimum of virgin raw materials. Spoiled produce and biodegradable waste are trucked to regional centers for composting. Whole Foods' vehicles are being converted to run on biofuels. Even the cleaning products used in its stores are environmentally friendly. And through its philanthropy, the company has created the Animal Compassion Foundation to develop more natural and humane ways of raising farm animals.
From Harvard business review Questions The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list below. Write the correct number, i-xi, in boxes on your answer sheet. How CSR may help one business to expand ii. CSR in many aspects of a company's business iii.
A CSR initiative without a financial gain iv. Lack of action by the state of social issues v. Drives or pressures motivate companies to address CSR vi. Companies applying CSR should be selective viii.
Reasons that business and society benefit each other Paragraph A Paragraph B Paragraph C Paragraph D Paragraph E Paragraph F Paragraph G Questions Summary Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet. Promotion of CSR requires the understanding of interdependence between business and society.
Restrictions imposed by government and companies both protect consumers from being treated unfairly. Improvement of the safety standard can reduce the Similarly society becomes pool of more human needs and aspirations.
Questions Use the information in the passage to match the companies listed A-C with opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A, B or C in boxes 26 on your answer sheet. List of companies A. General Electronics B. Microsoft C. Whole foods market NB: you may use any letter more than once The disposable waste The way company purchases as goods Helping the undeveloped Excessive cravings do not necessarily involve physical substances. Gambling can become compulsive; sex can become obsessive.
Most people admit to having a love-bate relationship with it. This occurs not only during dull conversations but during reasonably interesting ones just as well. Scientists have been studying the effects of television for decades, generally focusing on whether watching violence on TV correlates with being violent in real life. Less attention has been paid to the basic allure of the small screen—the medium, as opposed to the message.
Psychologists and psychiatrists formally define substance dependence as a disorder characterized by criteria that include spending a great deal of time using the substance; using it more often than one intends; thinking about reducing use or making repeated unsuccessful efforts to reduce use; giving up important social, family or occupational activities to use it; and reporting withdrawal symptoms when one stops using it.
All these criteria can apply to people who watch a lot of television. That does not mean that watching television, in itself, is problematic. Television can teach and amuse; it can reach aesthetic heights; it can provide much needed distraction and escape. The difficulty arises when people strongly sense that they ought not to watch as much as they do and yet find themselves strangely unable to reduce their viewing. Some knowledge of how the medium exerts its pull may help heavy viewers gain better control over their lives.
The amount of time people spend watching television is astonishing. On average, individuals in the industrialized world devote three hours a day to the pursuit—fully half of their leisure time, and more than on any single activity save work and sleep. To some commentators, this devotion means simply that people enjoy TV and make a conscious decision to watch it. But if that is the whole story, why do so many people experience misgivings about how much they view?
In Gallup polls in and , two out of five adult respondents and seven out of 10 teenagers said they spent too much time watching TV. Other surveys have consistently shown that roughly 10 percent of adults call themselves TV addicts. What is it about TV that has such a hold on US? It is part of our evolutionary heritage, a built- in sensitivity to movement and potential predatory threats.
In Byron Reeves of Stanford University, Esther Thorson of the University of Missouri and their colleagues began to study whether the simple formal features of television-cuts, edits, zooms, pans, sudden noises—activate the orienting response, thereby keeping attention on the screen. It is the form, not the content, of television that is unique. In ads, action sequences and music videos, formal features frequently come at a rate of one per second, thus activating the orienting response continuously.
In one of their studies, participants watched a program and then filled out a score sheet. Increasing the frequency of edits defined here as a change from one camera angle to another in the same visual scene improved memory recognition, presumably because it focused attention on the screen.
Increasing the frequency of cuts—changes to a new visual scene-had a similar effect but only up to a point. If the number of cuts exceeded 10 in two minutes, recognition dropped off sharply. Producers of educational television for children have found that formal features can help learning. But increasing the rate of cuts and edits eventually overloads the brain.
Music videos and commercials that use rapid intercutting of unrelated scenes are designed to hold attention more than they are to convey information. People may remember the name of the product or band, but the details of the ad itself float in one ear and out the other. The orienting response is overworked. Viewers still attend to the screen, but they feel tired and worn out, with little compensating psychological reward.
Our ESM findings show much the same thing. Sometimes the memory of the product is very subtle. Many ads today are deliberately oblique: they have an engaging story line, but it is hard to tell what they are trying to sell. Afterward you may not remember the product consciously. Yet advertisers believe that if they have gotten your attention, when you later go to the store you will feel better or more comfortable with a given product because you have a vague recollection of having heard of it.
You should spend about 20 minutes on question , which are based on reading passage 3 on the following pages. Questions Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage? Even researcher find sometimes it is more interesting in watching TV than talking with others in personal experience Information medium as TV has always been the priority for scientific research.
Children do not know why they exercise too little. Write the correct letters in boxes on your answer sheet. Match each researcher with the correct statements. Write the correct letter A-G in boxes on your answer sheets. It is the specific media formal characteristic that counts. TV distraction shows human physical reaction to a new and prompted stimulus C.
Conveying information is the most important thing. It is hard to ignore the effects of TV. Whether people can remember deeper of the content relates with the format.
The heart rate remains stable when watching. Clinically reliance on TV does not meet the criteria of an addiction. Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet TV is becoming a worldwide According to some surveys, a small group even claim themselves as One researcher believes that this attraction comes from our human instinct, described as The reality was that in the 18th century no one had ever made a clock that could suffer the great rolling and pitching of a ship and the large changes in temperature whilst still keeping time accurately enough to be of any use.
Indeed, most of the scientific community thought such clock impossibility. The longitude is a measure of how far around the world one has come from home and has no naturally occurring base line like the equator. The crew of a given ship was naturally only concerned with how far round they were from their own particular home base. Even when in the middle of the ocean, with no land in sight, knowing this longitude position is very simple in theory.
The key to knowing how far around the world you are from home is to know, at that very moment, what time it is back home.
A comparison with your local time easily found by checking the position of the Sim will then tell you the time difference between you and home, and thus how far round the Earth you are from home. The angular position of Moon and other bright stars was recorded in three-hour intervals of Greenwich Time. In order to determine longitude, sailors had to measure the angle between Moon centre and a given star - lunar distance - together with height of both planets using the naval sextant. Time corresponding to Greenwich Time was determined using the nautical almanac.
Then the difference between the obtained time and local time served for calculation in longitude from Greenwich. The obvious and again simple answer is that he takes an accurate clock with him, which he sets to home time before leaving. If the solution was to be by timekeeper and there were other methods since the prize was offered for any solution to the problem , then the timekeeping required to achieve this goal would have to be within 2.
During the latter part of his early career, he worked with his younger brother James. Their first major project was a revolutionary turret clock for the stables at Brocklesby Park, seat of the Pelham family.
The clock was revolutionary because it required no lubrication. Rather than concentrating on improvements to the oil, Harrison designed a clock which didn't need it. In Harrison created a description and drawings for a proposed marine clock to compete for the Longitude Prize and went to London seeking financial assistance.
He presented his ideas to Edmond Halley, the Astronomer Royal. Halley referred him to George Graham, the country's foremost clockmaker. He must have been impressed by Harrison, for Graham personally loaned Harrison money to build a model of his marine clock.
He demonstrated it to members of the Royal Society who spoke on his behalf to the Board of Longitude. The clock was the first proposal that the Board considered to be worthy of a sea trial. In , G. After several attempts to design a betterment of HI, Harrison believed that the ' solution to the longitude problem lay in an entirely different design. H4 is completely different from the other three timekeepers. It looks like a very large pocket watch. It was a remarkable achievement but it would be some time before the Board of Longitude was sufficiently satisfied to award Harrison the prize.
John Hadley, an English mathematician, developed sextant, who was a competitor of Harrison at that time for the luring prize. A sextant is an instrument used for measuring angles, for example between the sun and the horizon, so that the position of a ship or aeroplane can be calculated. Making this measurement is known as sighting the object, shooting the object, or taking a sight and it is an essential part of celestial navigation.
The angle, and the time when it was measured, can be used to calculate a position line on a nautical or aeronautical chart. A sextant can also be used to measure the Lunar distance between the moon and another celestial object e.
The majority within this next generation of chronometer pioneers were English, but the story is by no means wholly that of English achievement. One French name, Pierre Le Roy of Paris, stands out as a major presence in the early history of the chronometer.
It was Eamshaw who created the final form of chronometer escapement, the spring detent escapement, and finalized the format and the production system for the marine chronometer, making it truly an article of commerce, and a practical means of safer navigation at sea over the next century and half. Questions The reading Passage has ten paragraphs A-I. Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A- I, in boxes on your answer sheet. NB: you may use any letter more than once 1.
0コメント